ScienceDaily (Dec. 27, 2007) Cannabinoids may suppress tumor invasion in highly invasive cancers, according to a study published online December 25 in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute.
Cannabinoids, the active components in marijuana, are used to reduce the side effects of cancer treatment, such as pain, weight loss, and vomiting, but there is increasing evidence that they may also inhibit tumor cell growth. However, the cellular mechanisms behind this are unknown.
Robert Ramer, Ph.D., and Burkhard Hinz, Ph.D., of the University of Rostock in Germany investigated whether and by what mechanism cannabinoids inhibit tumor cell invasion.
Cannabinoids did suppress tumor cell invasion and stimulated the expression of TIMP-1, an inhibitor of a group of enzymes that are involved in tumor cell invasion.
To our knowledge, this is the first report of TIMP-1-dependent anti-invasive effects of cannabinoids. This signaling pathway may play an important role in the antimetastatic action of cannabinoids, whose potential therapeutic benefit in the treatment of highly invasive cancers should be addressed in clinical trials, the authors write.
You probably heard about a study from California showing that a substance in marijuana appears to turn off the activity of a gene that promotes the spread of breast cancer cells. But don't assume that you can get enough of it from smoking marijuana to have this effect.
The compound is cannabidiol (CBD). In the study at California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, CBD inhibited the activity of a gene called Id-1, which the researchers think is responsible for metastasis - the process by which cancer cells spread from the original tumor to other sites in the body. Id-1 genes are involved in development of the human embryo but then go on "hold" and stay that way unless cancer develops. Then, they can become active and trigger the spread of the disease.
In addition to its ability to block the activity of Id-1 genes, the marijuana compound is said to be far less toxic than the drugs now used for cancer treatment, and therefore may be better tolerated than chemotherapy and, perhaps, radiation therapy. And, no, it doesn't have the psychoactive effects of marijuana itself: if it is ever used on patients, they won't get high.
Much more research remains to be done before CBD could be used to treat breast cancer. So far, studies have been done only in the lab. CBD has yet to be tested against any type of animal or human breast cancer. While these findings are interesting, they're very preliminary.
Cannabinoids May Suppress Tumor Spread
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